Difference between Hastelloy C-276 and C-2000

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What is the Difference between Hastelloy C-276 and C-2000?

Hastelloy C is not a specific standardized grade but refers to a family of nickel-based high-corrosion-resistant alloys, primarily designed for highly corrosive environments in industries such as chemical processing, environmental protection, and pharmaceuticals. Common commercially available grades in the Hastelloy C series include Hastelloy C-276, C-2000, and C-22.

Typical Applications of Hastelloy C Series Alloys

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems
Chemical reactors and heat exchangers
Pharmaceutical purified water systems
Paper industry bleaching towers
Acidic wastewater treatment systems
Seawater cooling systems and marine engineering equipment
Electroplating and hydrometallurgical industries

This article will provide a detailed comparison of Hastelloy C-276 and Hastelloy C-2000, covering aspects such as chemical composition, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, application domains, and historical development.

In the latter half of the 20th century, corrosion-resistant alloys experienced rapid development. The 1960s saw the emergence of Hastelloy C-276, followed by Alloy C-4 in the 1970s, Alloy C-22 and 622 in the 1980s, and Alloy 59, 686, and C-2000 in the 1990s.

Introduce Hastelloy C-276 & C-2000

Hastelloy C-276 (UNS N10276)

A high nickel-molybdenum alloy renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance and high strength. Its composition primarily includes nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr), with molybdenum content reaching 15–17%, enabling outstanding performance in diverse acidic and chloride-laden environments.

Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200)

A Ni-Cr-Mo alloy designed to combat oxidizing media through its high chromium content and reducing media via elevated molybdenum levels.

The key innovation of Hastelloy C-2000 lies in the addition of 1.6% copper (Cu), significantly enhancing its resistance to reducing environments. However, the incorporation of copper slightly compromises its localized corrosion resistance and thermal stability compared to other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys.

Comprehensive Comparison of Hastelloy C-276 and C-2000

Chemical Composition

Element	B622 N10276	B622 N06200
Ni	Balance	Balance
Cr	14.50-16.50	22.00-24.00
Mo	15.00-17.00	15.00-17.00
Fe	4.00-7.00	≤3.00
W	3.00-4.50	-
C	≤0.01	≤0.01
Si	≤0.08	≤0.08
Co	≤2.50	≤2.00
Mn	≤1.00	≤0.50
V	≤0.35	-
P	≤0.040	≤0.025
S	≤0.030	≤0.010
Cu	-	1.30-1.90
Al	-	≤0.50

Mechancial Properties

Grade	Tensile Strength, ksi [MPa]	Yield Strength, ksi [MPa]	Elongation in 2 in./4D	Hardness
B622 N10276	≥100 [690]	≥41 [283]	≥40	90-100 HRB 220-270HB
B622 N06200	≥100 [690]	≥45 [310]	≥45	80-90 HRB 180-220HB

Physical Properties

Density	8.89 g/cm³	8.5 g/cm³
Melting Range	1325–1370°C	1328-1358°C
Specific Heat Capacity	407 J/kg·°C	428 J/kg·°C
Elasticity Modulus	208 GPa	206 GPa
Thermal Conductivity	10.2 W/(m·K)	10.8 W/(m·K)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion	11.2 μm/m·°C	12.4 μm/m·°C

Corrosion Resistance

Hastelloy C-276 is a versatile corrosion-resistant alloy widely used in complex corrosive environments.

Exceptional resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
Superior resistance to sulfides, oxidizing acids, and reducing acids.

Hastelloy C-2000 leverages its copper content (1.6%) to enhance corrosion resistance, particularly excelling in highly aggressive acidic environments.

Outstanding resistance to sulfuric acid, chlorides, and chloride salts

Fatigue Performance

Hastelloy C-276: Demonstrates excellent fatigue resistance at low-to-medium temperatures, balancing corrosion resistance and fatigue performance in acidic conditions. However, at elevated temperatures, its fatigue resistance decreases due to alloy limitations, with faster fatigue crack propagation rates.

Hastelloy C-2000: Exhibits superior fatigue life in high-temperature and strongly oxidizing environments. The copper addition improves stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance, enabling better tolerance to cyclic stress in corrosive conditions and reducing crack initiation risks.

Both alloys show comparable fatigue performance at ambient temperatures.

Machinability and Weldability

Hastelloy C-2000: Has slightly inferior machinability compared to C-276 but offers good weldability, suitable for most engineering applications.

Hastelloy C-276: Boasts superior weldability, enabling efficient welding in complex fabrication environments, making it preferable for high-precision manufacturing.

Application of Hastelloy C-276 and C-2000

C-2000 is commonly used in: